Innovation: Does Location Matter?

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Connected Globe - CopyUndeniably, innovation has become the defining challenge for international competitiveness in an increasingly globalised world. However, traditional attitudes about the administration of innovation focus almost entirely on internal dynamics – the proficiencies and procedures within companies for generating and commercializing technology. While the significance of these elements is irrefutable, the external environment for innovation is also important too.  Thus, producing standard products using standard methods will not sustain competitive advantage in advanced nations. Rather, companies must be able to innovative at the global frontier.

Take Israeli firms for example, the prominent innovative output of these businesses is due not only to more effective technology management, but also to Israel’s favorable environment for innovation. In specific, Israel boasts strong university-industry linkages, tax incentives for R&D and a large pool of highly trained professionals. However, it is important to note that the most productive location for innovation also fluctuates markedly across industries. For example, the United States has been an especially attractive environment for innovation in pharmaceuticals since the 1990s, while Sweden has advanced in wireless technology innovation.

Ultimately, building a foundation for competitive advantage entails a candid consideration of the role location plays in both innovation and competitiveness. However, despite popular belief, the choice of locations should not be driven purely by labour costs. Instead, companies should select the most fertile locations in terms of the innovation ecosystem. By locating facilities in countries with favorable innovation infrastructures and powerful clusters in their sector, companies have better opportunities to develop new products or processes. In fact, it is now broadly affirmed that strong clusters foster innovation through dense knowledge flows and spillovers, as well as positively influencing the regional economic performance.

Moreover, attractiveness for investment in innovation is high on the policy agenda in many countries as innovation has become a key factor of growth and competitiveness in OECD countries. Consequently, there is a growing interest among OECD member countries to formulate policies aimed at fostering territorial attractiveness for innovative activities, such as R&D.

For instance, the United States government offers a lucrative R&D Tax Credit that is accessible to a broad range and size of companies.  Actually, compared to other R&D tax credits offered around the globe, the United States’ model remains one of the most competitive.  The R&D tax credit fuels innovation which translates into new product development, job creation and increased productivity—three key factors necessary for growth in a global environment. As described above, the attractiveness of a country for innovation is somewhat determined by the advantageous character of its location factors, which typically differ between industries, functional activities and internationalisation motives. Hence, firms should proactively assess and harness the strengths of their local environment in order to enhance innovation capacity and commercialising new ideas.

Contact Swanson Reed for more information on how we can advance your company’s market value and boost its bottom line through the Research and Development Tax Credit.

Could the R&D Tax Credit be a Game Changer for Your Business?

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Indeed, the acceleration of change today is unprecedented. It creates new opportunities for those who embrace it, and threatens obsolescence for those who don’t. Accordingly, in today’s business environment there is an increased pressure on creating new customers, new products, and new services to drive revenue growth and profits.

Undeniably, innovation and disruption are the most powerful drivers of multi-factor productivity growth within a company. Moreover, unless your company has been making the exact same product the exact same way for the past five years, you could be missing out on lucrative tax benefits.

In particular, the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit provides an estimated $10 billion in annual tax savings for U.S. companies; however the credit remains under-claimed by the majority of qualifying businesses. In fact, the Wall Street Journal estimates that a mere 5 percent of qualifying companies claim the credit. Bearing in mind the broad application of the credit and recent changes to the eligibility criteria, the R&D tax credit could be a huge game changer for companies.

To elaborate, in December 2014 the federal Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credit was made permanent after years of last-minute, deadline-driven extensions. In addition, the R&D Tax Credit will be greatly expanded to benefit companies that were effectively obstructed from eligibility in the past. Start-ups and other small businesses should take distinctive note of major changes specifically intended for their advantage.  Now, start-ups (businesses with gross receipts of less than $5 million a year) will be able to take the credit, capped at $250,000 against their 2017 payroll taxes.

In addition to the direct start-up provision, starting in 2016, small businesses (businesses with less than $50 million in gross receipts) will now permanently be able to claim the R&D credit against their Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). The removal of the AMT barrier may see a tenfold upsurge in the number of small businesses that can utilize the R&D Tax Credit. Combined, these two alterations will benefit start-ups and small businesses with approximately $2 billion in added tax savings.

It is important to note that the eligibility for the credit is much vaster than assumed and the credit’s definition of “R&D” is more expansive than just white coat research taking place in a lab. In effect, if you are making a product or process faster, cheaper, greener or more efficient — counting nearly all software and technology development done in the U.S. — then you may qualify.

Thus, considering the modifications outlined above, the R&D Tax Credit could be a massive game changer for innovative businesses of all sizes. Since the credit is now permanent, business owners can confidently include the credit as part of their annual tax planning. Ultimately, tax savings can hugely benefit businesses by injecting money back into the company. Contact Swanson Reed today if you would like to know more about how the R&D Tax Credit works and if you’re eligible.

Calculating the Federal R&D Tax Credit

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One of the most critical challenges faced by business leaders is overcoming the time crunch in modern society.  These leaders are so pressed for time that they often end up forgoing the formal learning opportunities that help ensure that the right capabilities and skills are being developed.

One approach to meeting the time-crunch challenge is implementing “short burst” learning that takes place over a more extended period than traditional formal programs, but that results in greater retention of learning and better outcomes as learning is immediately applied.

In light of this, we’ve created a series of short video tutorials  that break ideas and topics surrounding the R&D Tax Credit up into small lots. In our latest video tutorial, discover all you need to know about calculating the Federal R&D Tax Credit in just six minutes.

Watch on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAohJi_Bx1Q

 

Swanson Reed is a specialist R&D tax firm and has helped many clients across a diverse range of industries. Contact us for more information on how we can advance your company’s market value and boost its bottom line through the Research and Development Tax Credit.

Case Study for Oil and Gas R&D

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This case study shows the application of key legislative requirements for qualifying R&D activities as they apply to relevant activities in the oil and gas industry. 

Business Scenario

Burrow Geoscience Solutions (BGS) is an innovative geoscience company offering a diverse range of products and services to the global oil and gas industry. In particular, BGS has developed a new range of software that assists clients in the exploration process by utilizing seismic data processing, imaging and interpretation.

Since BGS’s inception in 2003, the firm has matured with research and development (R&D) underlining the core of the company’s business activities.  BGS’s projects began with the main objective to develop a processing and imaging toolkit for small-scaling processing. The team soon realised that the interpretation software tools existing on the market were inconvenient and out-dated; this ultimately led to BGS’s creation of a unique suite of cutting-edge software.

BGS constantly conducted R&D over the years to create new and improved products to perform to the best of its ability. In the past few years, BGS has augmented to include illumination studies, petrophysics, seismic data processing, depth imaging, geostatistical depth conversion, quantitative interpretation and multi-client studies. Currently, BGS’s services span the entire exploration and production lifecycle.

In order to qualify for the Research and Development Tax Credit, BGS needed to determine the eligibility of its proposed R&D activities. The “qualified research” must meet four main criteria, known and developed by Congress as the Four-Part Test.  BGS’s qualified R&D activities included the following.

BGS’s Eligible R&D Activities

Design and development of a series of prototypes to achieve the technical objectives (design of an interpretation software).

BGS’s hypothesis for this activity questioned whether a software could be designed and developed to assist in the exploration process.

The experiments BGS conducted in the design phase predominantly entailed computer modelling, conceptual engineering drawings and mathematical calculations. These experiments could only be proven effective or ineffective in the prototype development and testing phase. Following the experiments in that phase, during which the product was built and tested in various applications, the design was modified and re-tested until the desired outcome was achieved.

Trials and analysis of data to achieve results that can be reproduced to a satisfactory standard (development and testing of software).

The main objective for this activity stated that with improved knowledge of the intrinsic factors related to the extraction of oil and gas, it was possible to identify mechanisms for improving for the seismic data processing, imaging and interpretation.

Details of this experiment included development of the enhancers based on information gained through the model and testing of the enhancers to ensure efficiency, accuracy and safety.

Background research to evaluate current knowledge gaps and determine feasibility (background research of the development of BGS’s products).

Prior to 2003, the interpretation software tools existing on the market were cumbersome and obsolete. Thus, besides the lack of comparable solutions available, the outcomes of activities in this research could not have been known or determined in advance due to a number of specific technical challenges.

BGS’s eligible R&D activities during this phase of experimentation included:

  • Literature search and review, including maintaining up-to-date knowledge on relevant certification and standards.
  • Consultation with industry professionals and potential customers to determine the level of interest and commercial feasibility of the product.
  • Preliminary equipment and resources review with respect to capacity, performance and suitability for the project.
  • Consultation with key component/part/assembly suppliers to determine the factors they considered important in the design and to gain an understanding of how the design needed to be structured accordingly.

The background research conducted by BGS was directly related to the main objective of designing interpretation software, therefore qualifying as R&D.

Ongoing analysis of customer or user feedback to improve the prototype design (feedback R&D of the interpretation software).

BGS’s eligible R&D activity for this phase of its project included:

  • Ongoing analysis and testing to improve the efficiency and safety of the project.
  • Ongoing development and modification to interpret the experimental results and draw conclusions that served as starting points for the development of new hypotheses.
  • Commercial analysis and functionality review.

These activities were necessary to evaluate the performance capabilities of the new design in the field and to improve any flaws in the design, therefore qualifying as R&D.

Commentary

Qualified Research Defined

Qualified research consists of research for the intent of developing new or improved business components. A business component is defined as any product, process, technique, invention, formula, or computer software that the taxpayer intends to hold for sale, lease, license, or actual use in the taxpayer’s trade or business.

The Four-Part Test

Activities that are eligible for the R&D Credit are described in the “Four-Part Test” which must be met for the activity to qualify as R&D.

1.    Permitted Purpose: The purpose of the activity or project must be to create new (or improve existing) functionality, performance, reliability, or quality of a business component.

2.    Elimination of Uncertainty: The taxpayer must intend to discover information that would eliminate uncertainty concerning the development or improvement of the business component. Uncertainty exists if the information available to the taxpayer does not establish the capability of development or improvement, method of development or improvement, or the appropriateness of the business component’s design.

3.    Process of Experimentation: The taxpayer must undergo a systematic process designed to evaluate one or more alternatives to achieve a result where the capability or the method of achieving that result, or the appropriate design of that result, is uncertain at the beginning of the taxpayer’s research activities.

4.    Technological in Nature: The process of experimentation used to discover information must fundamentally rely on principles of hard science such as physical or biological sciences, chemistry, engineering or computer science.

What records and specific documentation did BGS keep?

Similar to any tax credit or deductionBGS had to save business records that outlined what it did in its R&D activities, including experimental activities and documents to prove that the work took place in a systematic manner. BGS saved the following documentation:

  • Project records/ lab notes
  • Innovation Log
  • Conceptual sketches
  • Design drawings
  • Literature review
  • Background research
  • Records of changes and bug fixes
  • Testing protocols
  • Results of records of analysis from testing/trial runs
  • Records of resource allocation/usage logs
  • Staff time sheets
  • Tax invoices
  • Receipts
  • Patent application number

By having these records on file, BGS confirmed that it was “compliance ready” — meaning if it was audited by the IRS, it could present documentation to show the progression of its R&D work, ultimately proving its R&D eligibility.

 Contact us today if you’ve been involved with oil and gas technology R&D and would like to achieve generous tax benefits.

How to Leverage Technology with the R&D Tax Credit

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Juxtaposed against the rest of the world, the United States appears to be mounting as an economic and techno-industrial power. In particular, close cooperation between the US Congress, industrial manufacturers, university research and the military establishment have contributed to the United States emergence as one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world.

In the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation’s Enterprising States: States Innovate report released in October 2015, findings revealed that states that invest in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) economy are likeliest to thrive.  The report outcomes affirm that the future of our states—and their capability to combat major economic, social and environmental challenges — rests fundamentally on how they utilise and benefit from technology.

Undeniably, technology aids in reshaping established fields of medicine, manufacturing, energy and business services, and shifting the spotlight from Silicon Valley to other corridors of home-grown innovation. However, how can individual firm’s leverage this technologically rich ecosystem to benefit their business?

One way of utilizing and enhancing technology within a firm is by investing in R&D. Ultimately, R&D generally results in the production of technology that can boost economic growth and competitive advantage. As the Enterprising States: States Innovate study highlighted, the prosperity of America’s states rests largely on how they adapt to and take advantage of changes in technology. Given the benefits of a technological economy outlined in the previous paragraphs, it is clear to see that investing in R&D is a way of spurring economic growth and taking advantage of the opportunities technology has made available. From wearable technology to 3D printing, the US is indeed involved in a substantial amount high-technology research and development (R&D).

In relation to this, companies engaged in R&D related to technology will most likely be eligible for the R&D tax credit. The R&D tax credits are tax incentives for performing qualified research (not necessarily successful) in the US, resulting in a credit to a tax return. In order to qualify for the credit, a firm’s research has to be technological in nature – thus, a firm cannot research the arts or humanities and claim an R&D credit. Rather, a firm must rely on physical science, biology, engineering and/or computer science. If you want to learn more about R&D tax credits, contact a Swanson Reed specialist today for further information.

 

The Silver Lining of Texas’ Low Oil Prices

oil-106913_960_720The oil industry, with its history of booms and busts, has been reported to be in its deepest downturn since the 1990s, if not earlier. The cause is the plunging price of a barrel of oil, which has fallen more than 70 percent since June 2014. But why exactly has the price of a barrel of oil plummeted so much?

Fundamentally, it comes down to supply and demand. United States domestic production has nearly doubled over the last several years, pushing out oil imports that need to find another home. Saudi, Nigerian and Algerian oil that once was sold in the United States is suddenly competing for Asian markets, and the producers are forced to drop prices. Canadian and Iraqi oil production and exports are rising year after year. Even the Russians, with all their economic problems, manage to keep pumping. On the demand side, the economies of Europe and developing countries are weak and vehicles are becoming more energy-efficient. Thus as a result, demand for fuel is lagging a bit.

Certainly, the plunge in oil prices is a boon for some, and a calamity for others. However, for oil producers is there a silver lining? Ultimately, those that can maintain the cost reductions and productivity improvements when prices eventually rise may be stronger than before the crash. In Texas, the price per a barrel of oil has been hovering around the $30 mark.  As Tom Erikson,  head of the University of North Dakota’s Energy and Environmental Research Center, puts it, “at $30 oil, you need to innovate, or else you’re just losing money.”

Indeed, further innovative developments in the oil and gas industry are required in order to remain competitive in today’s markets. As a result, substantial research and development (R&D) is needed, which can be costly.  Fortunately, the R&D tax credit is available for eligible companies, offering a lucrative investment that allows for forward thinking and the next steps in innovation within the oil and gas industry.

Initially, the R&D tax credit was primarily used for technological and biomedical research when it was introduced by congress over thirty years ago. Since its first introduction the tax credit has evolved, now it encompasses multiple industries including the oil and gas industry.

There are certain activities that determine whether companies and organizations in this industry are eligible for the credit. Here is a short list to give you an idea of what activities are included:

  • Offshore structure design
  • Helidecks
  • Development and testing in a variety of areas including shutdown services, plug and abandonment solutions and turnaround
  • Plant design regarding safety, chemicals, pollution control and pressurization
  • Wastewater solutions
  • Designing and improving drilling
  • Combustion testing
  • Improvements in drilling processes and design
  • Testing and development including:
    • Plug and abandonment solutions
    • Shutdown services
    • Turnaround

Overall, R&D is the lifeblood of technological advancement and could greatly assist companies in the oil industry grow in a seemingly difficult time. In 2006, the IRS broke out numbers to show that $388 million in R&D credit was claimed on individual tax returns, including pass-through income from smaller companies organized as S corps or partnerships. Ultimately, businesses of all sizes can benefit from utilizing the R&D tax credit to grow their organization, maintain a competitive edge in the industry, and add new jobs. If you want to discuss how you can take advantage of the R&D tax credit, Contact Swanson Reed  to talk to one of our specialist R&D Tax Advisors. For more information about qualifying activities, read our oil and gas case study. 

The Importance of Water Supply Innovation

drip-1037806_960_720As the global population marches towards 9 billion by 2050 and land and water resources decline, never has the task of producing more from less been more imperative. The data on water scarcity continues to be sobering, and shortages increasingly are linked to both natural and human-made causes. By 2025, 1.8 billion people will live in regions that face “absolute water scarcity,” reports the United Nations. Essentially, these figures reveal that the role of innovation related to natural resources will no doubt become more paramount in the following years.

In combatting the issue of a growing population and declining resources, Texas, despite rising oil prices, is finding growth in other industries. To be specific, the State of Texas’ economy has an undiscovered $9 billion water and water technology cluster of jobs, businesses, and assets – and it’s mounting. In fact, Texas observed a 19-percent job increase from 2005 to 2015 in water-related jobs. By 2025, the total amount of forecasted jobs in water-related professions is 1,168,320, which constitutes a 35-percent job availability jump from the years 2015 to 2025.

Thus, given the aging infrastructure and climatic pressures on water, the future of water security relies on major innovation in technology, design and approach. Now, more than ever, it is critical to support, promote and cultivate innovation if we are to increase efficiencies, improve practices and withstand any water challenges that comes our way.

In order to further boost innovation in this growing sector, Swanson Reed has partnered with AccelerateH20. Swanson Reed is a global R&D (research & development) tax credit consulting firm, who can help you achieve tax benefits for innovative activities. The Federal and Texas State R&D Tax Credit laws apply to businesses in the water industry that are performing eligible R&D activities, including participation in AccelerateH2O organized pilots and demonstration.

If you would like to learn more about water technology R&D tax credits, check out our AccerlateH20 page or get in touch with us today by contacting one of our offices.

The Qualifying Research Expenses For the R&D Tax Credit

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From cooking a cuisine of  instant noodles to waiting for the kettle the boil or undertaking bursts of targeted exercises. Indeed, there is a lot you can accomplish in the span of just two minutes. Prompting the question, what could you learn in this short lapse of time?

In our latest video tutorial series, discover what research expenses qualify for the R&D tax credit in under two minutes.  Find out what Qualifying Research Expenses (QREs) are, what the excluded expenses are, and what the upper and lower limits on QRE’s are.

Watch on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zGqxCRJpoo

Qualifying Research Expenses (QRE’s) – SwansonReed





Today’s Lesson: See what research expenses qualify for the R&D tax credit.
Visit: http://www.swansonreed.com to learn more.

Swanson Reed is a specialist R&D tax firm and has helped many clients across a diverse range of industries. Contact us for more information on how we can advance your company’s market value and boost its bottom line through the Research and Development Tax Credit.

Why Should You Hire an R&D Tax Credit Specialist?

calculator-428294_640The preparation of an R&D Tax Credit claim can often act spur feelings of affection and disdain in equal measure.  Affection – because if eligibility requirements are ratified, companies can obtain a generous cash rebate or a reduction in payable tax. Disdain – because determining entitlement and the concept of drafting the registration form alone can be bewildering and arduous, with a potential audit a haunting concern.  Nonetheless, when it comes to government inducements for companies you can’t undervalue the worth of the R&D Tax Credit for developing a business.

However, the elusive wager between how much to claim can ultimately stimulate risk aversion – claim too much and risk an audit, claim too little and risk losing money on your claim. Essentially, in order to utilize the R&D Tax Credit to its best advantage requires specialist knowledge. Ultimately, the Research and Development Tax Credit can be extremely beneficial to companies across the United States if claimed correctly. Thus, it is important to consult a specialist in the field who will be capable of passing on their skills and expertise to make sure your claim is completed efficiently. As a result, individuals can receive the most money possible and focus on developing the fundamental business.

Undeniably, taxation and the law adjoining it is a multifaceted matter. Since the IRS made the R&D Tax Credit a Tier 1 issue in 2007, companies have been under increased scrutiny to ensure that their claims for the tax credit were demonstrated correctly with a high standard of detailed documentation being required. However, many companies simply do not have the specialist expertise within their company to provide what the IRS requires. This is why many companies seek the expertise that Swanson Reed can provide.

Furthermore, legislation and regulations in all matters of taxation and law can transform over time. Majority of companies do not have the capacity or resources to keep up with all of the updates and amendments pertaining to the R&D Tax Credit. The benefit of a company working with a specialist team of professionals is that they can rely on that team to possess the tax and legal expertise required, and to be up to date with any changes that might impact the receipt of tax credits. This means that the advice provided by Swanson Reed will always be the right information for any individual company’s circumstances.

Ultimately, at Swanson Reed, we help companies obtain their full R&D tax benefits. We take care of the complex elements – such as compiling and applying, lodging and complying – so you can focus on expanding your core business.

Contact Swanson Reed to discuss your eligibility and learn more about how the R&D Tax Incentive may benefit your business.

Texas Ranks as the Next Boom Town

A boom town, by definition, is where demographics, the economy, and immigration and migration patterns are continually in flux. Texas, as whole, has been ranked the land of opportunity and has mushroomed from a relatively homely state into one flourishing with innovation.

austin-247_640To elaborate, a recent Forbes analysis has ranked Texas as harbouring America’s next boom towns. Forbes analyzed the 53 largest metro areas in the country to determine which have the best chance of prospering in the next decade . These areas were ranked based on eight metrics indicative of past, present and future vitality. Forbes factored in, equally, the percentage of children in the population, the birth rate, net domestic migration, the percentage of the population aged 25-44 with a bachelor’s degree, income growth, the unemployment rate, and population growth.

In short, the results show two opposing kinds of principal cities. One is driven by the tech industry, the in-migration of educated people and sharply rising incomes; the other type is described as “opportunity cities,” which lean towards having a diverse range of industries, lower costs and larger numbers of families. Whilst America may be one country, the future is being moulded by two very diverse urban prototypes.

In particular, Austin – dotted with quirky hotspots ranging from a Cathedral of Junk to the world’s largest urban bat colony – ranked as number one in the ‘opportunity city’ category. Surges in population, job growth, and education levels contribute to the boomtown status. As per the Forbes report, Austin experienced a 13.2 percent population increase from 2010 to 2014, and 43 percent of the current population ages 25 to 44 have at least a bachelor’s degree. Additionally, the local job count has grown by 19.1 percent in the past five years.

However, it wasn’t just Austin who topped the charts. Three other cities of Texas’ major metro areas made Forbe’s top 10. Houston, Dallas-Ft. Worth and San Antonio joined Austin in achieving double-digit job growth from 2010 through 2014, well above the national average of 8.1%. They also all have posted income growth well above the national average. Indeed, as Forbes puts it, “the most vital parts of urban America can be encapsulated largely in one five-letter word: Texas.”

Certainly, as this article reveals, the Lone Star State propositions a business-friendly environment. With a thriving professional network that is growing, the innovation ecosystem in Texas is flourishing. Moreover, the R&D tax credit can help fuel the ‘boom’ in Texas by putting cash back into innovative companies who have invested in research and development.  Several states, including Texas, offer businesses their own version of the R&D tax credit.  Individuals should take advantage of any R&D tax credits available at the state and federal levels as they can claim the credits concurrently. Contact us today to talk to a specialized R&D Tax professional who will be able to answer any questions you may have.